|
|
 THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE SLAVE The word "slave" comes directly from the European word "Slav" . This was because the Slav peoples , such as Russians , Ukrainians , Poles , Czechs , Slowaks , Serbs and Slovenes , were once conquered and "enslaved" so by powerful neighbours or invaders , so that the name became synonymous with all people who lost their liberty . |  |
Picture (c) EventPicture.co.uk & ghana-net.com 
GO to SLAVE TRADE / PAGE 2 | SLAVE CASTLES - ELMINA CASTLE INTERNAL Page ( g.-n. ) The traffic in human cargo began just a few years after Columbus`s discoveryies . In 1506 a ship from Seviie took 17 Africans and minig equipment to the "Indies" ; and in 1516 the first slave - grown sugar arrived in Spain from the Caribbean . Ten years later the "Spaniarfs2 brougth the first shipment of slaves direct from West Africa to America ...  In 1506 a ship from Seviie took 17 Africans to the "Indies". - Picture Copyright : Ghana-Net.com - ELMINA ( CASTLE PICTURES ) - PRINCES TOWN  iNTERESTiNG LiNKS ...the haitian revolution On August 22, 1791, the Haitian war of independence began in flames under the leadership of a religious leader named Boukman; over one hundred thousand slaves rose up against the vastly outnumbered and infinitely hated French. Unlike the French Revolution and the American Revolution, the Haitian revolution was entirely driven by the passions of men and women who had been enslaved most if not all of their lives. They didn't simply desire liberty, they wanted vengeance. Over the next three weeks, the Haitian slaves burned every plantation throughout the fertile regions of Haiti and executed all Frenchmen they could find. The French fled to the seacoast towns and pleaded with France to help them out while the island burned. Pierre Toussaint l'Ouverture
Rebel Leader and Statesman
1743 -1803
Map of the West Indies
The West Indies Campaigns
Few rebel leaders in history have ever been as successful as Pierre Toussaint L'Ouverture, the son of a slave who took his island of San Domingo (now Haiti) to independence under a constitutional government.
Intelligent, urbane and blessed with considerable military and political skills, Toussaint took advantage of the internal turmoil of revolutionary France and the subsequent pro-royalist revolt on San Domingo in 1791 to became one of the leading players in deciding his
country's future.
He initially turned his support to Spain, which ruled the eastern portion of San Domingo, but the promise of the abolition of slavery in French possessions in 1793 saw him return professed loyalty to France.
In 1798 he helped oust a British expeditionary force to San Domingo, but soon afterwards expelled French officials.
He emerged victorious from another civil war between San Domingo's blacks, coloureds and whites and then in 1801 took advantage of Spain's withdrawal from the island to occupy its possessions before French troops could.
Toussaint's victory brought stable government and peace to San Domingo, and he set about restoring the Catholic Church to its pre-revolutionary position and reintroduced the Gregorian Calendar.
The independent policies annoyed Napoleon Bonaparte, but that mood turned to fury when, in 1801, Toussaint had himself proclaimed governor-for-life. The French First Consul ordered a large expeditionary force under his brother-in-law General Charles Leclerc to take back San Domingo.
What followed was a bloody war in which military fortunes swung one way then the other and atrocities were committed by all sides. As the war moved towards France's favour and with his army disintegrating with the defection of some of his commanders, Toussaint accepted an offer to meet with Leclerc.
However, Leclerc had not intention of allowing Toussaint to leave and had the black leader seized, placed in chains and sent to France.
The elderly Toussaint was imprisoned in the fortress of Joux, on the border of France and Switzerland, where he was maltreated and starved. Suffering tremendously from the cold, Toussaint died in 1803.
Source Page
Infos ? Links ? Comments ? Contact us !
| African Slave Castle  ( 30.03.2007 , extern )   ZUMBI DOS PALMARES
(Slave Freedom Fighter: 1655-1695)
by Fernando Correia da Silva WHEN IT ALL HAPPENED...
c. 1600: Blacks who have escaped slave labour on the sugar plantations in Pernambuco found the maroon community, or quilombo, of Palmares in theSerra da Barriga hills. The population grows incessantly, later reaching 30 thousand. For the slaves, Palmares is the Promised Land. - 1630: The Dutch invade the Northeast of Brazil. - 1644: J ust as the Portuguese failed, the Dutch also fail in their attempt to destroy Palmares. - 1654: The Portuguese drive the Dutch out of the Northeast of Brazil. - 1655: Zumbi is born in one of the many settlements of Palmares. - 1662(?): Still a child, Zumbi is taken prisoner by soldiers and given to Father António Melo. He is baptised Francisco and later learns to help at mass and studies Portuguese and Latin. - 1670: Zumbi runs away and returns to Palmares. -  1675: In the battle against Portuguese soldiers commanded by Sergeant-Major Manuel Lopes, Zumbi shows himself to be a great warrior and military organiser. - 1678: Pedro Almeida, governor of the captaincy of Pernambuco, is more interested in the submission of Palmares than its destruction and approaches chief Ganga Zumba with a proposal of peace and freedom for all runaway slaves. Ganga Zumba accepts, but Zumbi is opposed to the idea; he cannot accept that some blacks should be free while others remain in slavery. - 1680: Zumbi becomes the leader of Palmares and commands the resistance movement against the Portuguese soldiers. - 1694: With the help of heavy artillery, Domingos Jorge Velho and Vieira de Mello lead the final attack against Cerca do Macaco, the main settlement of Palmares. Although wounded, Zumbi manages to escape. - November 20, 1695: Turned in by an old companion, Zumbi is hunted down, taken prisoner and beheaded.
Source Page Palmares
Encyclopædia Britannica Article
...autonomous republic within Alagoas state in northeastern Brazil during the period 1630–94; it was formed by the coalescence of as many as 10 separate communities (called quilombos, or mocambos) of fugitive black slaves that had sprung up in the locality from 1605. The state owed its prosperity to abundant irrigated agricultural lands and to the abduction of slaves from Portuguese…
HISTORY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE
The war at sea: AD 1793-1796
The renewal of war between Britain and France in 1793 is a continuation of a century-long conflict between the two most aggressive imperial powers. In recent engagements the results have favoured Britain, particularly in Canada and India during the Seven Years' War.
In the new conflict the first arena of war is another rich colonial region, the West Indies. During 1794 the British seize several of the smaller French islands in the Caribbean, at an extremely heavy cost in terms of troops dying of yellow fever. On 1 June 1794 (the Glorious First of June in British accounts) Richard Howe destroys a French squadron in the Atlantic - but fails in his primary purpose of harming the rich convoy being accompanied on its journey from America to France.
The greatest damage to French interests in the West Indies is done not by British fleets but by the ideals of the French Revolution
Source : HISTORY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE Internal LINK : Salaga Salaga served as a key market town of the Ashanti kingdom
|
|
|